GRE Exam – Full form, Types, Syllabus, Cost, Scores, and Validity

GRE, or the Graduate Record Examinations, is a standardized computer-based exam that Educational Testing Services (ETS) conducts. There are two types of GRE tests – General and Subject Tests. If you are planning to go to graduate school to pursue MBA, doctoral degree, or JD, take the GRE General Test. However, take the GRE Subject Test if you want to showcase your knowledge about a particular field. The format and syllabus for the two types of GRE are different. 

This article will cover all you need to know about the GRE. Learn about what GRE is, how it is scored, what topics are tested, how are the GRE scores calculated, and its validity. 

GRE Exam – An Overview

The full form of GRE is Graduate Record Examinations, a multiple-choice standardized test. GRE General Test is a computer-based exam; however, you can take the paper-based exam, which is offered twice a year in November and February. But, it is only available in areas where computer-delivered testing is unavailable. Most countries can take the computer-based GRE General Test throughout the year. 

The GRE Subject Test is a paper-based exam that can be taken three times a year – April, September, and October. 

Here is an overview of the GRE exam 2022:

GRE Full Form	Graduate Record Examinations
Developer	Educational Testing Service (ETS)
GRE Format	Computer and Paper
Type of GRE	General and Subject Test
GRE General Test sections	Quantitative Reasoning, Analytical Writing, and Verbal Reasoning
GRE Subject Test sections	No sections
GRE General Test duration	3 hours 45 minutes
GRE Subject Test duration	2 hours 50 minutes
GRE General Test fees	$213 in India
GRE Subject Test fees	$ 150
GRE Validity	5 Years
GRE General Test score range	260 to 340
GRE Subject Test score range	200 to 990
Skipping the question	Yes
Rescheduling and Cancellation services	Yes

GRE General Test 

The GRE General Test assesses your quantitative reasoning, analytical writing, and verbal reasoning skills. Prospective graduates and business school applicants who are interested in pursuing a master’s, law degree, doctoral, MBA, or specialized master’s in business take the GRE General Test. 

Around 467,277 candidates took the GRE between July 1, 2019 – June 30, 2020. The majority of the candidates who took the GRE were undergraduates from Life Sciences (19%), Social and Behavioural Science (13%), and Engineering/Physical Science (12%).

Of the candidates who took GRE, the majority of them intended to pursue Life Science (22%), followed by Physical Science (16%), Engineering (12%), Social/Behavioural Science (12%), and Business (9%). 

GRE Subject Test 

GRE Subject Test assesses your knowledge of a particular field of study. It is designed for students who have an extensive background or an undergraduate degree in one of these four disciplines:

1. Mathematics 
2. Chemistry 
3. Physics 
4. Psychology 

Around 53,853 candidates took the GRE Subject Test, with 7,815 candidates taking Chemistry, 14,666 Mathematics, 19,955 Physics, and 11,417 Psychology between July 2017 to June 30, 2020. 

GRE exam syllabus, pattern, type of questions  

This section will look into the General and Subject Test patterns. GRE General Test is available in two formats – paper and computer-based, whereas GRE subject test is available only in paper-based form. 

GRE General Test 

GRE General Test – Computer-based Test 

The GRE General test syllabus is divided into three sections:

1. Analytical Writing – 1 section 
2. Quantitative Reasoning – 2 sections 
3. Verbal Reasoning – 2 sections 

The above sections measure your quantitative, verbal, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills. The test features questions that reflect your skills to succeed in graduate and business schools.

Here is a brief overview of the three-section under the GRE General Test:

GRE General Test	No. of questions	Time	Measures	Type of question
Analytical Writing	2 question	60 minutes	Test your analytical wiring and critical thinking skills	Analyze an Issue and Analyse an Argument
Quantitative Reasoning	40 questions	70 minutes	Algebra, arithmetic, geometry, and data analysis	Quantitative Comparison, Multiple-choice (Select one answer), Multiple-choice (Select one/more answer), and Numeric Entry questions
Verbal Reasoning	40 questions	60 minutes	Test your ability to understand the meaning of the entire text, words, and sentences	Sentence Equivalence Questions, Text Completion, and Reading comprehension
Unscored or Research Question	Varies	Varies	–	–

Analytical Writing 

The GRE Analytical Writing section measures your ability to articulate complex ideas effectively, examine and support claims with relevant reasoning, and sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion. There are two timed questions under this section for which you get 1 hour to answer (30 minutes for each question). 

The GRE Analytical Writing section consists of two separately timed tasks: 

• Analyze an Issue task assesses your ability to think critically about a topic of general interest and comprehensively express your thoughts in writing. There will be a problem statement that makes a claim. You need to discuss the claim from various perspectives and apply them to many different conditions and situations. 

• Analyze an Argument task assesses your ability to analyze and evaluate arguments and convey your evaluation in writing. There will be a brief passage where the author makes a case for some course of action backed by evidence. You need to discuss and analyze the logical soundness of the author’s claim.

Quantitative Reasoning

The GRE Quantitative Reasoning section measures your ability to understand, interpret, and analyse quantitative information and solve problems using mathematical models. There are two sub-sections under Quantitative Reasoning with 20 questions per section. The total time to complete this section is 70 minutes (35 minutes per section). 

This section tests your introductory algebra, geometry, arithmetic, and data analysis skills:

• Arithmetic: include topics like types and properties of integers, arithmetic operations, and exponents and roots. It also includes concepts such as ratio, percentage, sequences of numbers, absolute value, rate, and decimal representation. 
• Algebra: include topics like factoring, relations, exponents, equations, inequalities, linear equations, inequalities, word problems, and quadratic equations. 
• Geometry: include topics like circles, triangles, quadrilaterals, polygons, area, perimeter, volume, and perpendicular lines. 
• Data Analysis includes topics like basic descriptive statistics,  interpretation of data in graphs and tables, elementary probability, conditional probability, and counting methods such as permutation, combinations, and Venn diagram. 

Verbal Reasoning 

The GRE Verbal Reasoning section measures your ability to analyze, reason, and draw conclusions from incomplete data. You need to identify the author’s perception and assumptions to understand the multiple levels of meaning of the author’s intent. 

This section tests your ability to analyze parts of sentences and recognize relationships among concepts and words. This section includes three types of questions:

• Text completion questions: You get a passage composed of one to five sentences with one to three blanks. You need to find the correct answer from three or five answer choices. 
• Reading Comprehension questions: You will get multiple choice questions where you need to select one or more than one answer choice. There is another type of question under reading comprehension where you are asked to choose the sentence in the passage that meets a specific description. 
• Sentence Equivalence questions: You will get questions that consist of a single sentence, one blank, and six answer choices. You need to select two of the answer choices. 

GRE General Test – Paper-based Test

The paper-based GRE General Test has 6 sections, and it takes 3 hours and 30 minutes to complete the test. The types of questions in each section for both computer and paper-delivered exams remain the same, except for reading comprehension, where the select-in-passage questions are not included in the paper-based test. Take a look at the number of questions asked for the GRE paper-based test:

GRE General Test	Sections	No. of questions	Time
Analytical Writing	2	2 questions	60 minutes
Quantitative Reasoning	2	50 questions	80 minutes
Verbal Reasoning	2	50 questions	70 minutes
Total	6	102 questions	210 minutes

GRE Subject Test

The GRE Subject Test evaluates your knowledge about a particular field. There are four types of subject tests you can take:

1. Chemistry
2. Mathematics
3. Physics 
4. Psychology 

The total testing time for GRE Subject Tests is 2 hours 50 minutes, and there are no separately timed sections. Here is a brief overview of the GRE Subject Test: 

GRE Subject Test	No. Of questions	Type of questions	Topics
Chemistry	130	Multiple-choice	Analytical Chemistry (15%), Inorganic Chemistry (25%), Organic Chemistry (30%), and Physical Chemistry (30%)
Mathematics	66	Multiple-choice	Calculus (50%), Algebra (25%), and Additional Topics (25%)
Psychology	205	Multiple-choice	Biological (17-21%), Cognitive (17-24%), Social (12-14%), Developmental (12-14%), Clinical (15-19%), and Measurement/Methodology/Other (15-19%)
Physics	100	Five-choice questions	Classical Mechanics (20%), Electromagnetism (18%), Optics and wave Phenomena (9%), Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics (10%), Quantum Mechanics (12%), Atomic Physics (10%), Special Relativity (6%), Laboratory Methods (6%), and Specialized Topics (9%)

Chemistry Test

There are approx. 130 multiple-choice questions related to the four fields of chemistry – analytical chemistry (15%), inorganic chemistry (25%), organic chemistry (30%), and physical chemistry (30%). The Chemistry test questions are instructed to simplify mathematical manipulations; thus, neither calculators nor tables of logarithms are needed. If any question requires using logarithms, the necessary values will be provided in the question. 

Mathematics Test 

There are approx. 66 multiple-choice questions from which approx. 50% involve calculus and its applications. About 25% of the questions are related to linear algebra, abstract algebra, elementary algebra, and number theory. The remaining questions involve topics related to other areas of mathematics that you would have studied during your undergraduate. 

Physics Test 

There are approx. 100 five-choice questions. Some questions will be grouped in sets and based on materials such as graphs, diagrams, experimental data, and descriptions of physical situations. The test aims to evaluate your grasp of the fundamental principles and your ability to apply those principles to solve the question. 

Psychology Test 

There are approx. 205 multiple-choice questions drawn from what you may have studied while pursuing your undergraduate degree. To solve a question, you will need to recall factual information, analyze relationships, apply principles, and draw conclusions from data. Some stimulus materials, such as a graph or description of an experiment, may serve as the basis for several questions.

GRE section order 

The GRE general exam starts with Analytical Writing always. Post completing the Analytical Writing section,  the Verbal, Quant, and un/scored sections can appear in any order. Thus, you should treat each section as if it counts toward your score. 

The GRE subject test does not have sections. 

GRE score and percentile 

In this section, we will look at the GRE General and Subject Test scores and associated percentile ranking. 

GRE General Test 

To calculate the total GRE General Test scores, only the Verbal and Quantitative Reasoning sections are considered. The lowest possible score that you can get is 260 (130 for each section), and the highest score that you can get is 340 (170 for each section). So, the total GRE General Test score ranges from 260 to 340. 

Here is how your GRE General Test score ranges for each section:

GRE General test	Score Range	Average GRE score (July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020)
Verbal Reasoning	130 to 170, in 1 point increment	150.37
Quantitative Reasoning	130 to 170, in 1 point increment	153.66
Analytical Writing	0 to 6, in half-point increment	3.60

The average GRE Verbal Reasoning and Quantitative Reasoning score are 150.37 and 153.66, respectively. The average GRE Analytical Writing score is 3.60. 

Remember that each section of the GRE General Test is measured differently. Thus, you should not compare your section scores directly. For instance, a score of 150 on Verbal is not equivalent to 150 on the Quant section. Instead, to measure your relative performance, you can look at the percentile rank associated with your score. For example, the scaled score of 150 on the verbal section equals 44%ile, whereas it is 35%ile on the Quant side. 

GRE General Test Percentile Ranking 

Take a look at the percentile ranking based on the performance of test-takers between July 1, 2017 – June 30, 2020:

GRE Scaled Score	Quantitative Reasoning percentile	Verbal Reasoning percentile	Analytical Writing score scale	Analytical Writing percentile
170	96	99	6	99
169	94	99	5.5	98
168	91	98	5	91
167	89	98	4.5	80
166	86	97	4	54
165	84	96	3.5	37
164	81	94	3	13
163	79	92	2.5	5
162	76	90	2	1
161	74	88	1.5 to 0	0
160	70	85
159	67	82
158	64	79
157	61	75
156	57	72
155	54	67
154	50	63
153	46	59
152	43	53
151	39	59
150	35	44
149	32	39
148	28	35
147	25	31
146	21	28
145	18	25
144	15	22
143	13	19
142	11	16
141	9	14
140	7	12
139	6	10
138	4	8
137	3	7
136	2	5
135	2	4
134	1	3
133	1	2
132	1	2
131	0	1
130	0	0

GRE Subject Test 

The total GRE Subject Test score range from 200 to 900 in 10 points increment. Your scores are based on the number of questions you answer correctly. The average Chemistry test score is 692, Mathematics is 669, Physics is 717, and Psychology is 622. Here is how your GRE Subject tests score ranges for each test:

GRE Subject Test	Score Range	Average Score (July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2020)	Sub scores
Mathematics	200 to 990 score scale,  in 10-points increment	669	Nil
Chemistry	200 to 990 score scale,  in 10-points increment	692	Nil
Physics	200 to 990 score scale,  in 10-points increment	717	20-99 score scale, in 1-point increment
Psychology	200 to 990 score scale,  in 10-points increment	622	20-99 score scale, in 1-point increment

Each test score is calculated independently, and you can only compare the same subject score with each other. For instance,  A score of 670 in Chemistry is not equivalent to a 670 in Mathematics. To evaluate your relative performance, you must look at the percentile ranking associated with your test scores. 

GRE Subject test Percentile ranking 

Take a look at the GRE subject percentile ranking based on the performance of test-takers between July 1, 2017 – June 30, 2020:

GRE Subject Test Scaled score	Psychology	Physics	Mathematics	Chemistry
980		95
960		92	97	99
940		88	96	99
920		85	95	98
900		81	94	96
880		77	91	94
860		74	87	90
840		70	83	86
820	99	67	79	81
800	97	64	75	77
780	95	61	72	71
760	91	58	67	66
740	86	54	64	61
720	79	51	60	56
700	72	47	56	50
680	64	43	52	44
660	56	39	48	39
640	49	36	43	34
620	42	32	40	28
600	36	28	36	24
580	31	24	32	19
560	26	20	27	15
540	22	16	23	12
520	18	12	19	9
500	14	9	15	6
480	11	7	11	5
460	8	4	8	3
440	6	3	6	2
420	5	2	3	1
400	3	1	2	0
380	2	1	1	0
360	1	0	1	0
340	1	0	0	0
320 – 200	0	0	0	0

GRE Cost 

The GRE General Test fee in India is $213. However, the total cost of taking the GRE test is more than $400, including other services. Take a look at the total cost of the GRE General Test in India: 

GRE General Test	Fee
Registration Fee	$ 213
Rescheduling fee	$ 50
Changing your test center	$ 50
Additional score report	$ 27
Score review for Analytical Writing measure	$ 60
Score reinstatement fee	$ 50
Total	$ 450

Your GRE cost changes depending on your location. For instance, the registration fee in China is $231, whereas, for the rest of the world, except India, it is $205. Moreover, if you take GRE preparation courses, your cost will increase. Head over to the official GRE exam website to evaluate your cost. 

The GRE Subject Test registration fee is $150 worldwide. Additional charges are applied for requesting special services. Take a look at the total cost of GRE Subject Tests worldwide:

GRE Subject Test	Fee
Registration fee	$ 150
Late registration fee	$ 25
Rescheduling fee	$ 50
Changing your test center	$ 50
Changing your subject test	$ 50
Additional score report	$ 27
Score review	$ 50
Score reinstatement fee	$ 50
Total	$ 452

GRE Exam – FAQs